{"banner":"ESMS Full Acoustic Threat Library — UAS + Indirect Fire (C-RAM)","description":"Complete acoustic signature database covering 20 UAS platforms and 10 indirect fire weapon systems. The IDF library enables Counter-Rocket, Artillery, Mortar (C-RAM) shot detection — the same acoustic sensors that detect drone propellers also detect mortar launch thumps, rocket motor roars, and artillery muzzle blasts.","totalPlatforms":20,"totalIDFThreats":10,"totalSignatures":30,"categories":{"commercial":[{"platformId":"DJI-MAVIC-3","platformName":"DJI Mavic 3","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":150,"harmonics":[300,450,600,750,900],"rpmRange":[4000,8500],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":72,"maxDetectionRangeM":500,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.98},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.9},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.7},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.45}]},{"platformId":"DJI-PHANTOM-4","platformName":"DJI Phantom 4 Pro","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":180,"harmonics":[360,540,720,900,1080],"rpmRange":[4500,9000],"motorType":"brushless 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DC","acousticPowerDb":85,"maxDetectionRangeM":800,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.99},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.95},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.8},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.6}]},{"platformId":"FPV-KAMIKAZE","platformName":"FPV Kamikaze Drone (DIY First-Person-View Munition)","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":300,"harmonics":[600,900,1200,1500,1800],"rpmRange":[10000,30000],"motorType":"brushless DC (high-KV racing motors)","acousticPowerDb":90,"maxDetectionRangeM":900,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.98},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.93},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.78},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.55}]}],"heavyLift":[{"platformId":"HEXACOPTER-MATRICE","platformName":"DJI Matrice 600 / Heavy-Lift Hexacopter","propellerCount":6,"fundamentalFreqHz":130,"harmonics":[260,390,520,650,780],"rpmRange":[3500,7500],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":82,"maxDetectionRangeM":700,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.97},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.92},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.75},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.5}]}],"iranian":[{"platformId":"SHAHED-136","platformName":"Shahed-136 / HESA Shahed (Iranian Loitering Munition)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":85,"harmonics":[170,255,340,425,510,595],"rpmRange":[5500,8000],"motorType":"Mado MD550 two-stroke piston (50cc gasoline)","acousticPowerDb":88,"maxDetectionRangeM":1200,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.92},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.8},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.58},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.35}]},{"platformId":"SHAHED-131","platformName":"Shahed-131 (Smaller Iranian Loitering Munition)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":95,"harmonics":[190,285,380,475,570],"rpmRange":[6000,9000],"motorType":"Small two-stroke piston (gasoline)","acousticPowerDb":80,"maxDetectionRangeM":800,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.88},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.74},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.5},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.28}]},{"platformId":"MOHAJER-6","platformName":"Mohajer-6 (Iranian MALE UAS)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":70,"harmonics":[140,210,280,350,420],"rpmRange":[4000,6500],"motorType":"Rotax 912 four-stroke piston (gasoline)","acousticPowerDb":90,"maxDetectionRangeM":1500,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.9},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.78},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.55},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.3}]},{"platformId":"SHAHED-STEALTH-VARIANT","platformName":"Shahed Acoustic-Reduced Variant (Muffled Engine / Glide Profile)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":80,"harmonics":[160,240,320],"rpmRange":[4000,6500],"motorType":"Muffled two-stroke piston with acoustic 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gasoline)","acousticPowerDb":88,"maxDetectionRangeM":1200,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.92},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.8},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.58},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.35}]},{"platformId":"SHAHED-131","platformName":"Shahed-131 (Smaller Iranian Loitering Munition)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":95,"harmonics":[190,285,380,475,570],"rpmRange":[6000,9000],"motorType":"Small two-stroke piston (gasoline)","acousticPowerDb":80,"maxDetectionRangeM":800,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.88},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.74},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.5},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.28}]},{"platformId":"LANCET-3","platformName":"ZALA Lancet-3 (Russian Loitering Munition)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":110,"harmonics":[220,330,440,550],"rpmRange":[5000,10000],"motorType":"Electric pusher motor","acousticPowerDb":58,"maxDetectionRangeM":200,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.85},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.68},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.42},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.2}]},{"platformId":"FPV-KAMIKAZE","platformName":"FPV Kamikaze Drone (DIY First-Person-View Munition)","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":300,"harmonics":[600,900,1200,1500,1800],"rpmRange":[10000,30000],"motorType":"brushless DC (high-KV racing motors)","acousticPowerDb":90,"maxDetectionRangeM":900,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.98},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.93},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.78},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.55}]},{"platformId":"SHAHED-STEALTH-VARIANT","platformName":"Shahed Acoustic-Reduced Variant (Muffled Engine / Glide Profile)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":80,"harmonics":[160,240,320],"rpmRange":[4000,6500],"motorType":"Muffled two-stroke piston with acoustic dampening","acousticPowerDb":72,"maxDetectionRangeM":500,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.78},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.6},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.38},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.18}]}],"militaryModified":[{"platformId":"DJI-MAVIC-MODIFIED","platformName":"DJI Mavic (Military-Modified / Weaponized Commercial)","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":145,"harmonics":[290,435,580,725,870],"rpmRange":[3800,8200],"motorType":"brushless DC (payload-modified, lower RPM under load)","acousticPowerDb":75,"maxDetectionRangeM":480,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.96},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.86},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.64},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.38}]}]},"indirectFireCategories":{"mortars":[{"threatId":"MORTAR-60MM","threatName":"60mm Light Mortar (M224 / 2B25 class)","threatCategory":"MORTAR","caliber_mm":60,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":40,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[20,200],"propellantBurnDurationMs":8,"acousticPowerDb":140,"riseTimeMs":2,"decayTimeMs":150,"characteristicPattern":"Sharp impulse — short muzzle blast with rapid decay. Distinctive 'thump' audible at range. Lower acoustic power than larger mortars but faster rate of fire. Drop-fire operation means no mechanical cocking sound precedes launch."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":false,"machNumber":0.6,"shockConeFreqHz":0,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[100,800],"acousticPowerDb":85},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":155,"fragmentationBandHz":[500,8000],"craterBlastDurationMs":50,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":3000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":1500,"typicalRangeM":[70,3490],"muzzleVelocityMps":213,"maxElevationDeg":85,"rateOfFire":"20-30 rounds/min","origin":"Universal — NATO, Russian, Chinese variants","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.94},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.82},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.6},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.35}]},{"threatId":"MORTAR-81MM","threatName":"81mm Medium Mortar (M252 / 2B14 Podnos class)","threatCategory":"MORTAR","caliber_mm":81,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":35,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[15,180],"propellantBurnDurationMs":12,"acousticPowerDb":148,"riseTimeMs":3,"decayTimeMs":200,"characteristicPattern":"Deeper, more powerful thump than 60mm. Pronounced low-frequency component below 50 Hz. Two-phase acoustic event: initial propellant ignition crack followed by gas expansion 'boom'. Bipod rattle may precede launch by 1-3 seconds."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":false,"machNumber":0.7,"shockConeFreqHz":0,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[80,600],"acousticPowerDb":90},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":162,"fragmentationBandHz":[400,6000],"craterBlastDurationMs":80,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":5000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":2500,"typicalRangeM":[100,5935],"muzzleVelocityMps":293,"maxElevationDeg":85,"rateOfFire":"15-20 rounds/min sustained","origin":"NATO standard (M252) / Russian 2B14 / Chinese Type 67","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.96},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.85},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.65},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.4}]},{"threatId":"MORTAR-120MM","threatName":"120mm Heavy Mortar (M120 / 2S12 Sani class)","threatCategory":"MORTAR","caliber_mm":120,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":25,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[10,150],"propellantBurnDurationMs":18,"acousticPowerDb":158,"riseTimeMs":4,"decayTimeMs":350,"characteristicPattern":"Very powerful low-frequency blast. Dominant energy below 40 Hz — felt as much as heard. Ground coupling produces seismic signature detectable by accelerometers at range. Baseplate impact produces distinctive metallic 'clang' 50-200ms before launch blast. Audible at 8+ km in favorable conditions."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":false,"machNumber":0.75,"shockConeFreqHz":0,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[60,500],"acousticPowerDb":95},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":170,"fragmentationBandHz":[300,5000],"craterBlastDurationMs":120,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":8000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":4000,"typicalRangeM":[200,7240],"muzzleVelocityMps":325,"maxElevationDeg":85,"rateOfFire":"8-12 rounds/min sustained","origin":"NATO M120 / Russian 2S12 Sani / Iranian HM-16","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.97},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.88},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.7},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.45}]}],"rockets":[{"threatId":"ROCKET-107MM","threatName":"107mm Rocket (Type 63 / Haseb class)","threatCategory":"ROCKET","caliber_mm":107,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":50,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[20,300],"propellantBurnDurationMs":800,"acousticPowerDb":155,"riseTimeMs":5,"decayTimeMs":1200,"characteristicPattern":"Sustained rocket motor roar lasting 0.8 seconds — completely different from mortar impulse. Broadband noise dominated by turbulent exhaust. Motor ignition produces initial 'pop' followed by rising roar. Doppler shift begins immediately as rocket accelerates. Smoke trail visible at launch site."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":true,"machNumber":1.2,"shockConeFreqHz":2000,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[200,4000],"acousticPowerDb":120},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":165,"fragmentationBandHz":[300,6000],"craterBlastDurationMs":100,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":6000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":5000,"typicalRangeM":[500,8500],"muzzleVelocityMps":375,"maxElevationDeg":60,"rateOfFire":"12 tubes in 7-9 seconds (salvo)","origin":"Chinese Type 63 / Iranian Haseb / widely proliferated","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.98},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.9},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.75},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.5}]},{"threatId":"ROCKET-122MM-GRAD","threatName":"122mm Grad Rocket (BM-21 / Arash / Fajr-1)","threatCategory":"ROCKET","caliber_mm":122,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":45,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[15,350],"propellantBurnDurationMs":1500,"acousticPowerDb":165,"riseTimeMs":8,"decayTimeMs":2000,"characteristicPattern":"Extremely loud sustained rocket motor burn — 1.5 seconds of continuous broadband roar. Salvo fire produces overlapping signatures that are unmistakable. Single-round launch still louder than any mortar. The 'Grad scream' is a battlefield-recognized sound — high-frequency component from supersonic exhaust gases creates a distinctive shriek that propagates 10+ km."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":true,"machNumber":2.1,"shockConeFreqHz":3500,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[500,8000],"acousticPowerDb":135},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":175,"fragmentationBandHz":[200,8000],"craterBlastDurationMs":150,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":12000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":8000,"typicalRangeM":[1500,20380],"muzzleVelocityMps":690,"maxElevationDeg":55,"rateOfFire":"40 rockets in 20 seconds (full salvo)","origin":"Russian BM-21 Grad / Iranian Arash & Fajr-1 / Egyptian Sakr / worldwide proliferation","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.99},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.95},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.82},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.6}]},{"threatId":"ROCKET-240MM-FALAQ","threatName":"240mm Heavy Rocket (Falaq-2 / M-240 class)","threatCategory":"ROCKET","caliber_mm":240,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":30,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[10,250],"propellantBurnDurationMs":2500,"acousticPowerDb":172,"riseTimeMs":10,"decayTimeMs":3000,"characteristicPattern":"Massive rocket motor burn lasting 2.5 seconds. Ground-shaking launch — seismic coupling detectable at 5+ km. The 240mm motor produces a lower-frequency roar than Grad due to larger exhaust nozzle. Warhead weight (50+ kg) makes this a building-killer. Launch site identifiable by sustained smoke column."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":true,"machNumber":1.8,"shockConeFreqHz":2800,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[300,6000],"acousticPowerDb":130},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":180,"fragmentationBandHz":[150,6000],"craterBlastDurationMs":200,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":15000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":10000,"typicalRangeM":[1000,10300],"muzzleVelocityMps":450,"maxElevationDeg":55,"rateOfFire":"Single shot / 2-tube salvo","origin":"Iranian Falaq-2 / Soviet M-240 / Hezbollah inventory","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.99},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.96},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.85},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.65}]}],"artillery":[{"threatId":"ARTILLERY-152MM","threatName":"152mm Howitzer (2S3 Akatsiya / 2S19 Msta / D-20)","threatCategory":"ARTILLERY","caliber_mm":152,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":20,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[8,120],"propellantBurnDurationMs":5,"acousticPowerDb":175,"riseTimeMs":1,"decayTimeMs":500,"characteristicPattern":"Extremely sharp, powerful muzzle blast — dominated by infrasonic energy below 20 Hz. Felt through the ground before heard through the air. Muzzle brake creates secondary blast wave 10-20ms after primary. Recoil mechanism produces metallic 'clunk' 200-500ms after blast. Shell travels supersonic — the crack arrives before the launch boom at distances > 2 km."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":true,"machNumber":2.3,"shockConeFreqHz":4000,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[800,12000],"acousticPowerDb":140},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":180,"fragmentationBandHz":[200,10000],"craterBlastDurationMs":150,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":20000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":12000,"typicalRangeM":[3000,24700],"muzzleVelocityMps":655,"maxElevationDeg":70,"rateOfFire":"6-8 rounds/min burst, 2-3 sustained","origin":"Russian 2S3/2S19/D-20 family / Chinese PLZ-05 / Iranian Raad-2","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.98},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.92},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.78},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.55}]},{"threatId":"ARTILLERY-155MM","threatName":"155mm Howitzer (M777 / M109 Paladin / PzH 2000 class)","threatCategory":"ARTILLERY","caliber_mm":155,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":18,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[5,100],"propellantBurnDurationMs":5,"acousticPowerDb":178,"riseTimeMs":1,"decayTimeMs":600,"characteristicPattern":"Most powerful conventional indirect fire acoustic signature. Infrasonic dominant — peak energy at 5-18 Hz, below human hearing threshold but detectable by microbarometers and infrasound arrays. Muzzle blast overpressure can shatter windows at 500m. Shell supersonic crack arrives first at target area. Base bleed or RAP (rocket-assisted) rounds add secondary acoustic signature during flight."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":true,"machNumber":2.5,"shockConeFreqHz":4500,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[1000,15000],"acousticPowerDb":145},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":185,"fragmentationBandHz":[150,12000],"craterBlastDurationMs":180,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":25000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":15000,"typicalRangeM":[4000,30000],"muzzleVelocityMps":827,"maxElevationDeg":72,"rateOfFire":"4-8 rounds/min burst, 2 sustained","origin":"NATO M777/M109/PzH 2000 / also used by adversaries who captured NATO equipment","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.99},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.94},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.8},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.58}]}],"recoillessRifles":[{"threatId":"RECOILLESS-SPG9","threatName":"73mm Recoilless Gun (SPG-9 Kopye)","threatCategory":"RECOILLESS_RIFLE","caliber_mm":73,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":60,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[30,400],"propellantBurnDurationMs":3,"acousticPowerDb":145,"riseTimeMs":1,"decayTimeMs":100,"characteristicPattern":"Dual acoustic event — forward muzzle blast simultaneous with rearward backblast. Backblast is louder than muzzle blast and creates a distinctive 'double crack' signature unique to recoilless weapons. Backblast danger zone extends 30m behind weapon — dust/debris cloud visible. Rocket-assisted projectile ignites 10m from muzzle, adding secondary motor noise."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":true,"machNumber":1.4,"shockConeFreqHz":2500,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[400,5000],"acousticPowerDb":110},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":158,"fragmentationBandHz":[500,8000],"craterBlastDurationMs":40,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":4000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":2000,"typicalRangeM":[200,1300],"muzzleVelocityMps":435,"maxElevationDeg":30,"rateOfFire":"4-6 rounds/min","origin":"Soviet SPG-9 / widely proliferated to 40+ countries / Iranian copy (Nafez)","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.95},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.83},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.62},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.38}]},{"threatId":"RECOILLESS-106MM","threatName":"106mm Recoilless Rifle (M40 class)","threatCategory":"RECOILLESS_RIFLE","caliber_mm":106,"launchSignature":{"shockwavePeakHz":45,"muzzleBlastBandHz":[20,350],"propellantBurnDurationMs":4,"acousticPowerDb":152,"riseTimeMs":1,"decayTimeMs":120,"characteristicPattern":"Very loud dual-direction blast — backblast exceeds forward blast by 6-10 dB. Distinctive .50 cal spotting rifle shot precedes main round by 0.5-2 seconds (M8C spotting rifle fires tracer to confirm aim). This two-shot sequence is a unique acoustic fingerprint: small-caliber crack followed by massive recoilless blast."},"inFlightSignature":{"supersonicCrack":true,"machNumber":1.5,"shockConeFreqHz":2200,"dopplerShiftable":true,"flightNoiseBandHz":[300,4500],"acousticPowerDb":115},"impactSignature":{"detonationPeakDb":162,"fragmentationBandHz":[400,7000],"craterBlastDurationMs":60,"seismicCoupling":true},"maxLaunchDetectionRangeM":5000,"maxInFlightDetectionRangeM":3000,"typicalRangeM":[200,2200],"muzzleVelocityMps":503,"maxElevationDeg":25,"rateOfFire":"3-5 rounds/min","origin":"US M40 / widely exported and copied / Iranian Tondar","confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.96},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.86},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.66},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.42}]}]},"engineTypes":{"electric":{"platforms":[{"platformId":"DJI-MAVIC-3","platformName":"DJI Mavic 3","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":150,"harmonics":[300,450,600,750,900],"rpmRange":[4000,8500],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":72,"maxDetectionRangeM":500,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.98},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.9},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.7},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.45}]},{"platformId":"DJI-PHANTOM-4","platformName":"DJI Phantom 4 Pro","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":180,"harmonics":[360,540,720,900,1080],"rpmRange":[4500,9000],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":76,"maxDetectionRangeM":600,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.97},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.88},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.65},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.4}]},{"platformId":"DJI-MINI-3","platformName":"DJI Mini 3 Pro","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":200,"harmonics":[400,600,800,1000],"rpmRange":[5000,10000],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":64,"maxDetectionRangeM":300,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.95},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.82},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.55},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.3}]},{"platformId":"FPV-RACING-5INCH","platformName":"5-inch FPV Racing Drone","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":280,"harmonics":[560,840,1120,1400,1680],"rpmRange":[8000,25000],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":85,"maxDetectionRangeM":800,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.99},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.95},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.8},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.6}]},{"platformId":"AUTEL-EVO-II","platformName":"Autel EVO II Pro","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":160,"harmonics":[320,480,640,800,960],"rpmRange":[4200,8800],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":74,"maxDetectionRangeM":550,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.96},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.87},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.62},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.35}]},{"platformId":"SKYDIO-2PLUS","platformName":"Skydio 2+","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":190,"harmonics":[380,570,760,950],"rpmRange":[4800,9500],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":70,"maxDetectionRangeM":450,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.94},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.84},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.58},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.32}]},{"platformId":"FIXED-WING-SWITCHBLADE","platformName":"Fixed-Wing Loitering Munition (Switchblade-class)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":120,"harmonics":[240,360,480],"rpmRange":[6000,12000],"motorType":"electric pusher","acousticPowerDb":62,"maxDetectionRangeM":250,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.88},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.72},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.48},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.25}]},{"platformId":"HEXACOPTER-MATRICE","platformName":"DJI Matrice 600 / Heavy-Lift Hexacopter","propellerCount":6,"fundamentalFreqHz":130,"harmonics":[260,390,520,650,780],"rpmRange":[3500,7500],"motorType":"brushless DC","acousticPowerDb":82,"maxDetectionRangeM":700,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.97},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.92},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.75},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.5}]},{"platformId":"LANCET-3","platformName":"ZALA Lancet-3 (Russian Loitering Munition)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":110,"harmonics":[220,330,440,550],"rpmRange":[5000,10000],"motorType":"Electric pusher motor","acousticPowerDb":58,"maxDetectionRangeM":200,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.85},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.68},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.42},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.2}]},{"platformId":"DJI-MAVIC-MODIFIED","platformName":"DJI Mavic (Military-Modified / Weaponized Commercial)","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":145,"harmonics":[290,435,580,725,870],"rpmRange":[3800,8200],"motorType":"brushless DC (payload-modified, lower RPM under load)","acousticPowerDb":75,"maxDetectionRangeM":480,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.96},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.86},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.64},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.38}]},{"platformId":"FPV-KAMIKAZE","platformName":"FPV Kamikaze Drone (DIY First-Person-View Munition)","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":300,"harmonics":[600,900,1200,1500,1800],"rpmRange":[10000,30000],"motorType":"brushless DC (high-KV racing motors)","acousticPowerDb":90,"maxDetectionRangeM":900,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.98},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.93},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.78},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.55}]},{"platformId":"FOC-FPV-QUADCOPTER","platformName":"Fiber Optic Controlled FPV (FOC) — RF-INVISIBLE, ACOUSTIC DETECTION ONLY","propellerCount":4,"fundamentalFreqHz":280,"harmonics":[560,840,1120,1400,1680],"rpmRange":[9000,28000],"motorType":"brushless DC (high-KV racing motors, identical acoustic profile to standard FPV — fiber spool adds slight load, lowering peak RPM by ~5%)","acousticPowerDb":88,"maxDetectionRangeM":800,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.97},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.91},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.74},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.5}]},{"platformId":"FOC-FIXED-WING-STRIKE","platformName":"Fiber Optic Controlled Fixed-Wing Strike — RF-INVISIBLE, ACOUSTIC DETECTION ONLY","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":120,"harmonics":[240,360,480,600],"rpmRange":[5000,12000],"motorType":"Electric pusher motor (larger than FPV, higher torque for fixed-wing + payload + fiber spool drag)","acousticPowerDb":72,"maxDetectionRangeM":500,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.88},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.72},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.48},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.25}]}],"characteristics":"High-frequency propeller harmonics (100-300 Hz fundamental), clean harmonic comb, minimal exhaust noise. Easier to classify acoustically."},"pistonGasoline":{"platforms":[{"platformId":"SHAHED-136","platformName":"Shahed-136 / HESA Shahed (Iranian Loitering Munition)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":85,"harmonics":[170,255,340,425,510,595],"rpmRange":[5500,8000],"motorType":"Mado MD550 two-stroke piston (50cc gasoline)","acousticPowerDb":88,"maxDetectionRangeM":1200,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.92},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.8},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.58},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.35}]},{"platformId":"SHAHED-131","platformName":"Shahed-131 (Smaller Iranian Loitering Munition)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":95,"harmonics":[190,285,380,475,570],"rpmRange":[6000,9000],"motorType":"Small two-stroke piston (gasoline)","acousticPowerDb":80,"maxDetectionRangeM":800,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.88},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.74},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.5},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.28}]},{"platformId":"MOHAJER-6","platformName":"Mohajer-6 (Iranian MALE UAS)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":70,"harmonics":[140,210,280,350,420],"rpmRange":[4000,6500],"motorType":"Rotax 912 four-stroke piston (gasoline)","acousticPowerDb":90,"maxDetectionRangeM":1500,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.9},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.78},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.55},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.3}]},{"platformId":"ORLAN-10","platformName":"Orlan-10 (Russian ISR UAS)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":75,"harmonics":[150,225,300,375,450],"rpmRange":[4500,7000],"motorType":"Saito FG-36 four-stroke gasoline","acousticPowerDb":78,"maxDetectionRangeM":600,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.89},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.75},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.52},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.28}]},{"platformId":"WING-LOONG-II","platformName":"Wing Loong II (Chinese MALE UAS / Export)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":65,"harmonics":[130,195,260,325,390],"rpmRange":[3500,5500],"motorType":"Rotax 914 turbocharged piston","acousticPowerDb":92,"maxDetectionRangeM":1800,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.91},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.79},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.56},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.32}]},{"platformId":"BAYRAKTAR-TB2","platformName":"Bayraktar TB2 (Turkish MALE UAS)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":72,"harmonics":[144,216,288,360,432],"rpmRange":[4000,6000],"motorType":"Rotax 912iS four-stroke gasoline","acousticPowerDb":86,"maxDetectionRangeM":1000,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.9},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.77},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.54},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.3}]},{"platformId":"SHAHED-STEALTH-VARIANT","platformName":"Shahed Acoustic-Reduced Variant (Muffled Engine / Glide Profile)","propellerCount":1,"fundamentalFreqHz":80,"harmonics":[160,240,320],"rpmRange":[4000,6500],"motorType":"Muffled two-stroke piston with acoustic dampening","acousticPowerDb":72,"maxDetectionRangeM":500,"confidenceProfile":[{"snrDb":30,"confidence":0.78},{"snrDb":20,"confidence":0.6},{"snrDb":10,"confidence":0.38},{"snrDb":5,"confidence":0.18}]}],"characteristics":"Lower fundamental frequency (65-95 Hz), exhaust note dominates, two-stroke vs four-stroke distinction. Harder to classify — shares frequency bands with ground vehicles and power tools. RPM stability and Doppler analysis are critical discriminators."}},"cramIntegration":{"title":"C-RAM ACOUSTIC SHOT DETECTION — HOW IT WORKS","description":"The same USB microphone array that detects drone propellers also detects indirect fire launches. Mortar thumps, rocket motor roars, and artillery muzzle blasts each have distinctive acoustic signatures that are fundamentally different from drone propeller harmonics.","keyDifference":"Drones produce CONTINUOUS harmonic tones (propeller rotation). Indirect fire produces IMPULSIVE broadband blasts (explosion). The classification is unambiguous — a mortar launch sounds nothing like a drone. The challenge is range estimation and launch-point triangulation, not classification.","sensorRequirement":"Minimum 3 acoustic sensors with known positions for triangulation. 4+ sensors enables multilateration for 3D launch-point fix. Same hardware as C-UAS acoustic mesh — no additional equipment needed.","warningTimeline":{"mortar60mm":"Launch detected T+0 → Triangulate source T+2s → Trajectory computed T+3s → Impact prediction T+4s → WARNING ISSUED T+4s → Time to impact at 2km: ~12s → 8 seconds of warning","rocket122mm":"Launch detected T+0 → Source triangulated T+1s → Trajectory computed T+2s → Impact prediction T+2s → WARNING ISSUED T+2s → Time to impact at 10km: ~22s → 20 seconds of warning","artillery155mm":"Supersonic crack arrives first → Muzzle blast arrives second → Source triangulated from time-difference-of-arrival → Counter-battery fire mission generated automatically"}}}